Kata Kunci Timeline - Kevin 1701333172

Early Greek Philosophers

·       Thales (ca. 625-547 BC) – semua berasal dari “Air”

·       Anaximander (ca. 610-547 BC) – segala sesuatu berasal dari “ Tidak Terbatas”

·       Anaximenes (ca. 585 –  528 BC – semua berasal dari “Udara”

·       Empedocles (ca. 493-433 BC) – 4 elemen utama: Api, Air, Tanah, dan Udara

·       Empedocles (ca. 493-433 BC) – The Father of Medicine

·       Democritus (ca. 460-370 BC) – Atom

·       Heraclitus (ca. 530 – 475) BC – semua berasal dari “Api”

·       Parmenides (540-470 BC – mengkritik bahwa para philosopher terlalu percaya informasi berdasarkan sense mereka.

·       Socrates (ca. 470-399 B.C.) – inductive definition

·       Plato (ca 427-347 BC) – Dualism ( Body & Soul)

·       Aristotle (384-322 BC) - The hierarchy of souls: vegetative, sensitive, rational soul

Rome the Middle Ages

·      Stoikism (early 3rd century BC) - formal logic, non-dualistic physics dan naturalistic ethics.

·      Epikureanism (307 BC) – Hedonism

·      Neoplatonism (3rd century AD) – Plotinus

The Emergence of Modern Science

·       Francis Bacon (1561-1626) – Baconian Method

·       Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) – Heliocentrism (CopernicanSystem)

·       Johann Kepler (1571-1630) - Hukum gerakan planet berdasarkan penelitian empiris

·       Isaac Newton (1642-1727) – Newton Law

·       Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) - Determinism

·       Rene Descartes (1596-1650) - Empirical observation

Psychology : Physiological Root

·       Sir Charles Bell (1774-1842) – Bell-Magendie nvs

·       Francois Magendie (1783-1855) – the Law of Forward Direction

·       Marshall Hall (1790-1857) – Voluntary movement, Respiratory movement, Involuntary movement, dan refleks

·       Johannes Peter Muller (1801-1858) - Paradoxical cold and heat

·       Paul Broca (1824-1880) – Broca’s Area

·       G. T. Fritsch (1838-1891) & E. Hitgiz (1838-1907) – Mapping brain

·       G. T. Fechner (1801-1887) - Identity Hypothesis

·       Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894) - Speed of nerve signal & Psychology of Tone.

·       Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911) – Psychotest method

·       Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926) – Kraepelin test

·       Ernst Kretschmer (1888-1976) - Divided personality types: Schizothym, Cyclothym, Viscous, Dysplastys

Structuralism

·       Wilhem Wundt (1832-1920) – membuka lab pertama psikologi di Leipzig, tahun 1879. Mental laws.

·       Edward Bradford Titchener (1867-1927) – menulis tulisan Wundt ke dalam bahasa English

·       Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850-1909) – Curve of retention  

Functionalism

·       William James (1842-1910) - James-Lange theory of emotion

·       John Dewey (1859-1952) - Pragmatism

·       James Rowland Angell (1869-1949) – Mental operations

·       James McKeen Cattell (18601944) - Science are not immutable species, but developing organisms”

·       Edward Lee Thorndike (1874-1949) – Law of Effect dan Law of Excercise

·       Robert Sessions Woodworth(1874-1949) - S-O-R formulas

Gestalt Psychology

·       Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) - Law of Proximity, Law of Closure, Law of Equivalence

·       Kurt Koffka (1886-1941) –  menulis paper tentang aplikasi dari Gestalt Principles

·       Wolfgang Kohler (1887-1967) – Chimp Cognition

·       F. Krueger (1874 – 1948) - Ganzheit

·       Kurt Lewin (1890-1947) – Field Theory

Psychoanalysis

·       Franz Anton Mesmer (1734-1815) – Animal Magnetism

·       Jean Martin Charcot (1825-1893) – menggunakan teknik hipnosis untuk menyembuhkan histeria

·       Pierre Janet (1859-1947) - Psychotherapist

·       Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) – Unconscious mind

·       Carl Jung (1875-1961) - Archetypes

·       Karen Horney (1885-1952) – Neo-freudian

·       Erich Fromm (1900-1980) – Humanistic psychoanalysis

Behaviorism

·      Ivan Pavlov – Classical Conditioning

·      Edward Thorndike – connectionism

·      John B. Watson – Classical Behaviorism

·      Edward Tolman – Cognitive Behaviorism

·      B.F. Skinner – Radical Behaviorism

·      Joseph Wolpe – Reciprocal Inhibition

Humanistic

·      Jean Paul Sarte – Existentialism

·      G.W.F Hegel – Phenomenology (Dialectical Phenomenology)

·       Edmund Husserl – Phenomenology adalah studi yang mencerminkan esensi kesadaran yang dialami oleh sudut pandang orang pertama

·       Abraham Maslow – Hierarchy of Needs

·       Carl Rogers – Person centered therapy

Cognitive

·       F. Heider – Social Balance Theory & Attribution Theory

·       Leon Festinger – Learning Theory

·       Aaron Beck – Cognitive Therapy

·       Daniel Kahneman – Prospect Theory

·       Mihalyi Csikzentmihalyi – Positive Psychology (Flow Concept)